Two types of diabetes are actually five types: the results of new research

Scientists said that diabetes is five different types of diseases and each may be treated differently.

Diabetes is basically a disease identified as 'unregulated blood sugar' and is usually divided into two parts - type 1 and type 2.

However, researchers from Sweden and Finland think that they have found a more complex image related to diabetes, and this may result in the treatment of individual people for the treatment of this disease.

Experts say, this study may introduce a new era in the future of diabetes treatment, but it may take more time to change the course of ongoing treatment.

One in every 11 people in the world is suffering from diabetes - and once affected, the risk of heart attack, stroke or brain bleeding, blindness, kidney failure, and limbs cut-off may increase.

Type 1 diabetes is a disease related to human immunity. It attacks beta cells or the body's ability to build insulin, so there is not enough production of this hormone necessary to control blood sugar or sugar levels.

On the other hand, type 2 is considered as a disease related to uncontrolled lifestyle, where excess fat in the body inhibits insulin activity.

The latest study on diabetes was conducted by Sweden’s Lund University Diabetes Center and Finland's Institute for Molecular Medicine. In this study, 14,775 patients were monitored, their detailed analysis of blood was done.

Research results were published in Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. It has been shown that diabetes patients can be divided into five specific clusters.

Cluster 1 - It is a type-1 autoimmune diabetes, which affects people only when they are young and they feel healthy to see. Insulin is not produced in the body of these diabetes patients.

Cluster 2 - They are the patients of insulin-deficient diabetes who initially feel like cluster 1 patients. They are young, their weight is controlled, but are struggling to produce insulin - although there is no defect in their immune system.

Cluster 3 - They are severe insulin-resistant diabetes patients, who are usually extra fat. They produce insulin in the body, but their body does not respond to the insulin.

Cluster 4 - It is related to weight-related light-type diabetes, which can be found in obese people. Such people are closer to normal people than cluster 3 types people in metabolism.

Cluster 5 - age-related light-type diabetes, which affects older people. That means these patients are older than other groups, but their diabetes levels are lower.

One of the researchers, Prof Leif Group told the BBC, "It is very important, we are stepping forward to give patients the most appropriate medicines."

He said that three types of diabetes are severe, it can be treated more strongly than other two types of diabetes. Cluster-2 patients can now be identified as type 2 because they do not have autoimmune diseases.

In the study, however, it is found that the reason for their disease is probably a fault in their beta-cell – not because they are too fat. And they should be treated like patients who are now identified as type 1.

Cluster 2 patients have the highest risk of blindness, and cluster 3 patients are more prone to the risk of kidney related diseases - as a result, more testing may benefit patients of several clusters.

The better classification

The Imperial College's Consultant and Clinical Scientist Victoria Salem said that most experts knew that diabetes is classified as "type 1" and "type 2" in this two divisions "it is not very correct".

He told the BBC, "There is no doubt that this research will help how we think about diabetes in future." But he also cautioned that there would be no change in today's treatment of diabetes.

This research has been done in Scandinavia. On the other hand, the risk of diabetes is different in different countries of the world. In South Asia, the risk of the disease is relatively high.

Dr. Salem said, "There are still many things unknown, maybe there are 500 types of sub-groups of diabetes around the world due to genes and local environments." "The researchers have found five clusters in the analysis, but this number may increase," said the scientist.

Dr. Emily Burns of Diabetes UK said “if you understand the disease properly, it can help in treating the patients separately and reduce the risk of future diabetes complications".

Source of Info: bbc.com/bengali

Why can Iodine Deficiency become Fatal for you?

Iodine is very important for our body, though we rarely value it. It plays a special role in thyroid hormone and digestive activities.

If there is a lack of iodine, it has a major effect on physical growth or structure.

But many of us do not know how much iodine we need or in what kind of food it can be found?

After research, Professor Margaret Rayman of Surrey University has found that there is a shortage of iodine in many modern healthy foods which can create serious health issues especially for pregnant women.

Why do we need iodine?

Thyroid hormone plays a key role in digestion and body growth and iodine is an important part of this hormone.

“The lack of iodine is the main cause of the lack of human intelligence or lack of learning, which can be prevented,” says Professor Rayman.

“If pregnant women do not get enough iodine, their children may be born with intellectual disabilities or hormonal problems.” She said.

Iodine problem lies in many neighborhoods near the Alps. There is also a large number of thyroid gland swelling in the neck. Large swelling thyroid glands are also seen in their throat.

Professor Rayman says, now we know it is a visible sample of iodine deficiency. Thyroid glands may swell excessively as it tries to store iodine from blood.

Healthy Food Risks

Among the foods all over the world, probably the main source of iodine is white fish and eggs.

Iodine is also mixed with food-salt in most countries.

In many countries like the UK, people get iodine directly from milk and dairy products, because iodine is added to the diet of cows.

But in industrialized countries too, iodine deficiency is seen among many people. There is a lack of iodine in food, that is not because of that. The main reason, they do not want to eat these foods.

The most vegetarians are in this group who do not have meat in their food menu. The number of these teams is increasing day by day.

The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has done a recent study on people of different ages, there were also pregnant women among them.

The organization has found that iodine acceptance rate among vegetarians is very low.

Professor Rayman has also found that vegetarians and those who do not eat meat, such pregnant women also have iodine problems in their children.

In the 1990s, Professor Rayman collected samples from more than 14,000 pregnant women. Then she kept observing the health and growth of them and their children.

Especially they closely monitored the power of children's education and their intellectual capacity. They analyzed their data.

They found that women who had iodine problems, their children received fewer marks in the oral intelligence test at the age of eight. At the age of nine too, they had less capacity for their studies. They have seen this test, the problems of the mother have affected their children.

But the most worrying thing is that those who had a little iodine deficiency, this problem was also strong among them.

Where is iodine available?

The world's largest source of iodine is the ocean.

Iodine comes into human body by consuming plants or animal meat which comes through food cycle from the sea to the sky, the environment, the rain etc.

But there is no sea-touched rain in landed areas at all times. Again, those who are dependent on locally produced food also do not get iodine in all foods. These events occur in the Alps, in remote areas of Pakistan or in mountainous areas of Italy, Russia and Central Africa.

Iodine deficiency is also seen in flood prone areas like Bangladesh. Because flood water washes away iodine from the soil.

How much iodine is needed every day?

Experts suggest that one woman should have 150 to 300 micrograms of iodine in their food per day. But iodine levels are different in each meal. So it is difficult to say how much iodine one can get in the amount of food one eats.

However, oily fish does not contain the same amount of iodine that white fish contains. There is more iodine in cold milk.

There is also considerable iodine in milk that is not organic. Due to the regulations what have to be fed to the farm cows, this milk becomes iodine-rich.

Best of all, eating different types of food. Do not completely remove the type of food like meat, unless the doctor has a restriction.

source of Info: bbc.com/bengali