The Real Picture of Cancer Today

How many people are suffering from cancer worldwide today?
According to huffingtonpost, every year 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer. Among the cancer patients, 7.6 million people face death each year. But there is evidence that these deaths could be prevented by 30 to 40 percent, and one-third could be cured if early diagnosis and treatment were done. In the US, 340,000 cases of cancer are reported every year.

What types of cancers are the most common?
Lung, prostate and colorectal cancers are in the top three position. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, the contribution of these three cancers was 42% in 2012. Among these three, in men, the most common cancer worldwide was Lung cancer in 2012.

Which countries have the most number of cancer patients?
The highest cancer rate was found in Denmark. In 2012, 338 people (both men and women) per 100,000 were diagnosed with cancer. There were nine countries where the age-standardized rate was at least 300 per 100,000. The countries were Denmark, United States, Belgium, France, South Korea, Australia, Norway, Ireland and the Netherlands.

(wcrf.org)

Who are the most vulnerable to cancer?
It is not easy to answer this question. It depends on ages and types of cancer. Testicular cancer is the most common in the 20-39 age group. On the other hand, prostate cancer is more common in older men. Below 15 years age group, the most common cancer is leukemia. The risk of getting cancer increases as you get older. You are most vulnerable when you cross 50. (chromiumj11.imascientist.org.uk)

Why is the number of cancer patients increasing day by day?
So far, experts have found one reason of increasing rate of cancers. The reason is the increase of life expectancy. According to scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org, more than three-quarters of people who are diagnosed with cancer in the UK are over the age of 60. Older people are not fit and strong enough to fight against cancer.

What kinds of cancer awareness activities are observed around the world?
To raise awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment World Cancer Day is observed on February 4 worldwide every year. In the United States, the month of October is observed as the National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. They also observe September as the National Prostate Health Month.

What kinds of cancers are curable?
According to medicaldaily.com, the 7 most curable cancers with strong 5-year survival rates are

Cervical cancer (5-year survival rate: almost 100%)

Breast cancer (5-year survival rate is 100% if it is diagnosed at early stages of 0 and 1)

Testicular cancer (5-year survival rate: 95.3%)

Prostate cancer (5-year survival rate: almost 100%)

Melanoma (5-year survival rate: 91.5%)

Thyroid (depending on tissue type, 5 year survival rate is almost 100%)

Hodgkin Lymphoma (5 year survival rate: almost 95%)

Where are the best cancer treatment centers located?
According to topmastersinhealthcare.com, the top 10 cancer treatment centers and hospitals in the world are:

1. Hospital of the University of PA – Abramson Cancer Center

Philadelphia, PA, United States

2. Roswell Park Cancer Institute

Buffalo, NY, United States

3. Johns Hopkins Hospital Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center

Baltimore, MD, United States

4. University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Houston, TX, United States

5. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

New York, NY, United States

6. Wake Forest University Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center

Winston-Salem, NC, United States

7. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network

Toronto, ON, Canada

8. USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center

Los Angeles, CA, United States

9. Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom

10. Spanish National Cancer Research Center. Madrid, Spain

There are a lot of things to know about cancer. To know details, you have to visit the sites mentioned above. Actually, we have to know a lot so that we can prevent cancer and cure it at its early stages. Only our awareness can remove our fear of cancer.

Foods for Your Healthy Brain and Nerves

Is there really any food which is good for the brain? How do the foods work? Many types of research have been conducted on this matter. It has found from the research, as vitamins and minerals are necessary to keep your body strong and healthy, these foods are needed to keep your brain and nerves active. So, researchers have named these foods as ‘brain food’.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): For healthy brain and nerves, this vitamin is necessary. The best sources of vitamin b1 are enriched grain products, fortified breakfast cereals, and meatless soy products.

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid): It forms coenzyme which helps to transmit nerve stimulation. You can get this vitamin from meat, fish, whole food grains, beans, milk, vegetables, and fruits.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): This vitamin converts tryptophan into serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical component of the brain. Vitamin B6 enriched foods include: fortified breakfast cereals, beef, potatoes, bananas, turkey, pistachios etc.

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin): This vitamin is necessary for the normal function of the brain and nervous system and the formation of red blood cells. You can get this vitamin from eggs, fish, meat, milk and dairy foods.

Folic Acid: This vitamin is necessary for the metabolism of fatty acid in the brain. Folic acid is essential for pregnant women. Because the risk of nerve-related problems of the wombed child increases if the amount of folic acid is low. You can get folic acid from whole-wheat products, peas, dried beans, oranges, liver, broccoli, beets, lentils, and spinach.

Some minerals play vital roles to conduct the activities of the nerves properly. Your whole body will be inactive if your nerves decay. So, to prevent nerve decay and to stimulate the nerves, you have to take the following minerals.

Magnesium: Good sources of magnesium include: Whole grains such as brown rice, Beans and nuts, Green leafy vegetables, and whole wheat bread.

Potassium: Potassium is present in all fruits, meat, fish, and vegetables. Potatoes and sweet potatoes, milk, all nuts, bananas, avocados, soybeans, chocolate are high in potassium.

Calcium: Foods rich in calcium include: Cheese, Yogurt, Sardines and canned salmon, Almonds, Beans and Lentils, Whey protein etc.

Eat foods to increase brain power: To keep your brain active, fuel is necessary. And for this, take a small amount of foods several times a day rather than taking a large amount of foods two to three times a day. Choose nutritious foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, chicken, and fish. Drink water a lot. Your brain needs sufficient water for its proper activity. Your brain becomes dehydrated by mental pressure. So drink water when you are tired, in anxiety, or in mental pressure. Do not take coffee and soft drinks much. Because these drinks contain caffeine that increases urine.

Eat different types of foods: Your body needs different kinds of nutrition. Nutrition is necessary for the daily activities of your nerves and brain. So to get nutrition, you have to take different types of foods. Foods are the best source of nutrition. Give foods the priority, not medicine. Take advice from doctors if necessary.

Breast Cancer | Need Early Diagnosis | Need Awareness

Are you aware of Breast Cancer? To fight against breast cancer, mammography and other forms of early detection are necessary. To raise awareness, the media, cancer survivors, and many governments have recognized the month of October as National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. 

In modern Western countries, the pink color is considered feminine. A ribbon of pink color symbolizes breast cancer awareness. It has been using since 1991.

A new lump or mass is the most common symptom of breast cancer. Staging of breast cancer helps plan the treatment. To classify stage, there are several ways. Among them, TNM system is widely used. Here, T for Tumor size, N for Lymph Node status and M for Metastases.

Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, and Targeted therapy are the treatment methods of breast cancer. The main goals of treatment are to eliminate cancer from the body as much as possible and to prevent the disease from coming back.

Breast cancer survival rates depend on the diagnosis. The survival rate is higher if it is diagnosed at the early stages. Many factors are related to the survival rates. According to the American Cancer Society, Cancer survival rates don't tell the whole story.

In the United States, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women is breast cancer which is the second most leading cause of death among women. Every year more than 250,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer there. According to the World Health Organization, it is breast cancer which is the most common cancer among women all over the world.

Breast cancer blogs provide educational information, breakthroughs, and support regularly. Some leading blogs are:

• Breastcancer.org
• Cancerwise
• Living Beyond Breast Cancer
• Rethink Breast Cancer
• The Breast Cancer Charities of America
• Nancy's Point
• Journeying Beyond Breast Cancer
• Sharsheret
• Let Life Happen
• Detrice Matthews

The exact causes of breast cancer are unknown. According to nationalbreastcancer.org, Doctors seldom know why one woman develops breast cancer and another doesn't. Just it is known that breast cancer is caused by the damage of cell's DNA.

Researchers have identified that hormonal, lifestyle and environmental factors increase the risk of breast cancer. Some risk factors which are associated with breast cancer include:

• Being female
• Increasing age
• A personal history of breast conditions
• A personal history of breast cancer
• A family history of breast cancer
• Inherited genes that increase cancer risk
• Radiation exposure
• Obesity
• Beginning your period at a younger age
• Beginning menopause at an older age
• Having your first child at an older age
• Having never been pregnant
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy
• Drinking alcohol.

It is not obvious but some changes in lifestyle may help reduce the risk of your breast cancer. mayoclinic.org suggest you to:

• Ask your doctor about breast cancer screening.
• Become familiar with your breasts through breast self-exam for breast awareness.
• Exercise most days of the week.
• Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Choose a healthy diet.

Source of Information: Wikipedia, ww5.komen.org, webmd.com, cancer.org, nationalbreastcancer.org,
mayoclinic.org

Couples Should Know These Sexual Problems and Diseases

The problem, which often becomes serious to mature men and women is the sexual weakness. Many couples suffer from mental impairment for this. Many unmarried or people who have not participated sexual acts also meet the doctors with this problem.

In fact, many people in our society are deprived of the real information due to obstruction. There are many superstitions on sexual weakness in our society too. Both women and men can be affected by sexual impairment, but as the role of women in sexual acts is very indirect, men are seen more concerned about this problem. The number of such patients is 10 to 20 percent. If you think about it a little, then it can be understood that it is not a number to ignore.

Let's talk about men's disorder first for conjugal happiness. For this reason, first you have to know what a man's physiological functions are.

1. Sexual desire (Libido);

2. Erection, which is caused by increased blood flow to the penis;

3. Simen Ejaculation

Another term related to it can be known, that is detumescence or flexibility of the penis. Among all these, erectile dysfunction is identified as the most serious problem. This problem may occur due to various reasons. One of the major reasons is psychological. Besides, it may happen due to some lack of hormones or brain disorders. Even if the arteries of the penis become narrow or shirk and there is not enough amount of blood in the blood vessels, this problem may occur. A clear idea can be found by identifying the reasons.

1. Ageing: The fact is that aging is not a problem for erectile dysfunction, actually with age, physiological and psychological changes often affect it.

2. Disease: Some diseases may cause these problems in men such as diabetes, obesity, other endocrine or hormonal problems, enlargement of prostate gland, high blood pressure or hypertension etc.

3. Smoke: Smoking is absolutely a big reason of erectile dysfunction.

4. Medicine: There are some medicines that reduce men's sexual ability. Among them, medicines of mental illness, some steroid, medicines of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease etc. are most common.

5. There is a spinal cord inside the spine, such problems may occur if the spinal cord is hurt, or is affected by a disease.

6. These problems also may occur if radiotherapy is given anywhere near the penis.

7. Besides these, depression, angar or other stress or tension are the causes of erectile dysfunction.

Treatment: Treatment should be taken from a sex specialist.

Sexual Infection:

Usually, sexual intercourse is responsible for sexual infections. If there are sexually transmitted infections in the face and the genital, it can affect others. Usually, five sexually transmitted diseases are found on earth. Of these, syphilis and gonorrhea are the leading. Sexually transmitted diseases of women are usually caused by polygamy. On the other hand, homosexuality and prostitution are the causes for men to have sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases for both men and women are very risky for sexual life. In the discussion about women's health should include various sexually transmitted infections.

Signs and symptoms of sexual problems:

• Vaginal (vulva) rash;
• Rash near the anus;
• Irritation in the breasts;
• Lethargy;
• Prickly heat on the vagina;
• Pain in sexual intercourse;
• Abnormal vaginal problem;

Other signs and symptoms of the body:

• Fast hair loss;
• Eye infections;
• Headache;
• Lip rash;
• Rash in the other parts of the body;
• Rashes in the skin;
• Rash on hands and fingers.

Hygiene instruction:

1. Wash genitals every day;

2. Wear cotton underwear;

3. Do not wash the genitals with any chemicals;

4. Wash anus from the front to the back;

5. Change the lingerie every day;

6. Be sure whether your partner has infection;

7. Men should be told to use condoms;

8. Women should wash the vagina before and after sex;

9. Urinate after sex;

10 Take advice from doctors regularly;

11. Be careful so that sexual behavior cannot be unrestricted;

12. Do the medical examination of the sexual partner.

Source of Information: info.totthoapa.gov.bd

Rabies Is Dangerous | No Remedy Once Affected

Rabies is basically a fatal viral disease. The word 'Rabies' originated from a Latin word 'rave' which means 'be mad'. The beginning of this nomenclature from the behavior of rabies-affected animals or patients.

Generally, warm-blooded animals such as dogs, cats, foxes, monkeys etc. are the carriers of rabies virus. Rabies can be spread if any affected animals scratch or bite other animals or humans. Affected animal's saliva can also be responsible for the transmission of rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the mouth, eyes, or nose.

In most countries, dog bites are the main causes of rabies (about 99% cases). But in the Americas, it is bat bites which are the main source of rabies infections in humans.

Hydrophobia that means fear of water, hyperactivity, excitable behavior, and sometimes aerophobia (fear of fresh or of drafts air) are the signs of rabies. During drinking water, there may be a severe constriction, including pain in the muscles of the upper part of the esophagus. For this reason, a rabies-affected person fears water.Death is inevitable for both rabies-affected animals and humans.

According to Greek mythology, humans and animals are being infected with rabies from four thousand years ago. But till today, no medicine has been invented to cure the disease. In the past, there was no vaccine to prevent rabies. On July 6, 1885, a French scientist Louis Pasteur invented vaccines for the prevention of rabies.

The existence of rabies disease is worldwide. Every year, more than fifty-five thousand people die of rabies worldwide. Among the deaths, 95% are of the developing countries in Asia and Africa. Among them, 31,000 people die in Asia, and 20,000 people die in India.

The rural people of Asia and Africa, especially children, under the age of 15 and old people are more vulnerable to rabies. Children play with animals and adults have less ability to resist animals.

Signs of people with rabies:

• Pain in the place of the bite;
• Feeling of fever, pain during swallow, and convulsions;
• Reluctant to drink water, afraid to see water;
• Very dense sticky saliva falls;
• Become angry suddenly;
• Later, the patient becomes unconscious and paralyzed.

Signs of dogs with rabies:

• If a dog gets infected with rabies, it starts behaving like a mad;
• Tries to bite the man or animal in front of itself;
• Always barks;
• Falls saliva from the mouth;
• The dog stops eating and becomes weak and dies within a few days.

Rabies prevention awareness:

Every year, World Rabies Day is observed on 28 September worldwide. The main goal of this day is to eliminate rabies by 2030. Focusing the goal, the 2017 World Rabies Day theme has been determined, Rabies: Zero by 30. 

Rabies is very scary. But unfortunately, there is less awareness among people about this disease.If the symptoms of the disease are seen once, it turns to a serious condition, which leads to death. Therefore it is necessary to take steps to prevent this disease.

What to do:

• Be aware of the animals that spread rabies such as dogs, cats, foxes etc. Especially, keep children away from these animals.
• Give vaccine to domestic dogs and cats regularly.
• If the dog bites, the injured place should be washed with soap water for at least 10 minutes. Never cover the wound with bandages, cloths or anything else.
• If a dog or another animal bites or scratches, which may cause rabies, vaccination should be taken as soon as possible.

Sources of Information: Wikipedia, who.int, info.totthoapa.gov.bd.

Love Your Heart | Prevent Heart Disease

World Heart Day is observed on 29 September globally every year. This year the theme of the day is 'Share the Power'. In 2016, the theme was 'Power Your Life'. Know the risks of heart disease, love the heart and be aware of your health risk.

Medical science has experienced an unprecedented development due to the wonderful development of science. Today cholera, pox, tuberculosis, measles, and various infectious diseases are easily curable and preventable. Along with the development of medical science, safe water, food supply, treatment system, effective vaccination program, overall awareness of human health have increased. As a result, infectious diseases have decreased, and life expectancy has increased. For this reason, old age diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc. are rising and becoming bigger killers. 

At present, heart disease and stroke have appeared as the biggest killer diseases all over the world. Among the non-communicable diseases, 12.5 percent people die from heart disease, of which 82% people are from the low and middle-income group. Because the treatment of these diseases is long-term and costly. It is not often possible for the general or middle-class patients to spend this expenditure.

The most important part of the human body is the heart. The risk of heart disease depends on your lifestyle. Due to excessive smoking, spending time by sitting and sleeping, exercise-less life, and fat rich food intake, the arteries become thin by accumulating fat. A complex heart attack may occur if the blood vessels of the heart are partially or completely blocked.

Among the diseases of the heart and blood, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, pericarditis or inflammation of the heart, aortic dissection, etc. are notable. There are chances of heart disease due to various reasons, which are called risk factors or risks. Some of them are easily preventable and some are uncontrollable.

Uncontrollable Risk Factors are age, gender, and hereditary factors. Controllable Risk Factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol in the blood, diabetes, excessive weight, lack of physical activities, high-fat diet and low fiber diet, stress, alcoholism, birth control pills etc.

How do you identify the heart attack?

1. Occasionally a little pain or pressure in the chest. Especially feeling pain or pressure during working or walking, walking up and down the stairs, and even at the time of eating. Pain decreases when you take rest.

2. A sudden pain is felt in the chest, which also spreads to the left hand, and even to the neck or jaw. A sudden cough or severe ache, discomfort, weakness or tiredness.

3. Nausea with chest pain, even vomiting, excessive sweating in the body, sudden headache, even unconsciousness, palpitation, and increased chest rhythm.

4. In addition to any pain, a sudden shortness of breath, and it increases while laying on the bed.

5. Diabetes patients may not feel severe pain in the chest. However, excessive sweating, dizziness, and anxiety are the pre-symptoms of these patients.

6. A sudden abdominal pain or gas, vomiting, indigestion may appear. Many people ignore it considering it as common gastric.

What to do in case of a heart attack?

1. If any of the above symptoms are felt, you should immediately seek medical help, especially those who are already suffering from any cardiovascular disease. Even the patients who are suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes and excessive cholesterol in the blood should not neglect the symptoms.

2. If there is severe pain in the chest, call an ambulance from a nearby hospital or clinic.

3. If you are alone, call the neighbors for help. Request them to take you to the nearby hospital. It is better not to drive yourself.

How to prevent heart disease?

The treatment of heart disease is often expensive. If you are affected once, you have to live with it forever in your life. So it is better to prevent this disease. It is possible to get rid of heart disease in many cases if proper measures are taken to prevent the controllable risk factors.

1. Say no to smoking: Smoking must be given up. Even stay away from smokers. Avoid all kinds of tobacco.

2. Control weight: Control diet and do regular exercise. Losing weight by taking medicines is dangerous. It is better not to take weight loss medicines without the advice of a doctor.

3. Consume moderate diet: Foods with low fat and low cholesterol should be taken. Foods such as beef, liver, brain, eggs should be taken less. It is good to have high-fiber foods.

4. Eat less salt.

5. Avoid alcohol.

6. If you have diabetes, control it.

7. Control high blood pressure: Go to a doctor and check your blood pressure regularly. As soon as high blood pressure is detected, it can be controlled as early as possible and can be prevented by complex diseases or reactions.

8. Do regular exercise: Walk in the morning, run if possible, do light exercise, use stairs leaving lifts. Physical labor and regular exercise should be done.

9. Avoid emotional and physical stress: Take rest, sleep on time, keep your body free from excess fatigue.

10. Learn and be aware: Education and awareness are very important. To prevent these diseases, public awareness is very essential. In these cases, different electronic media, newspapers can play a vital role.

Everybody has to be more careful to prevent rather than to cure heart disease in personal, familial, social, and state level. However, it is possible to avoid heart disease and its risky premature death only if everyone takes the necessary steps to know the risks of heart disease from their own position. It is important to remember that not only yourself but also the other members of the family should be motivated in this regard.

Source of Information: ittefaq.com.bd

Do Not Ignore Depression | Depression Is Treatable

Depression is such a mental problem where a person feels disappointed, frustrated and indifference to anything for at least two weeks. In addition to that, different types of physical and emotional symptoms appear. Because of depression, the personal, familial, educational, professional and social life of a person is damaged and normal activities are hampered.

Different studies show that 5 to 17 percent of the world's population are suffering from depression. According to a report, conducted by the World Mental Health Survey in 17 countries, there is 1 depressed person among 20 adult men and women. 

Every year, the World Health Day is observed on April 7th. Like other years, a theme was set for the day this year(2017). The theme was 'Depression- Let's Talk'. Considering the importance of public health, the theme was very timely for the world. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) estimation, the burden of depression will remain its highest peak by 2030. 

When a man suffers from depression, his personal life is damaged, family life is hampered; besides, because of non-productivity and treatment of a large number of depressed citizens, the socio-economic impact of depression is created in societies and states. 

According to the World Health Organization, nearly 3,000 people commit suicide every day around the world, that means about 8 million people commit suicide each year- most of these suicides occur due to depression. To prevent suicide also, the role of identifying and seeking the remedy of depression is important.

There is no reason to consider depression as a personal disorder, in public health, the impact of depression is widespread. To assess from the public perspective, the causes of depression have to be considered.

Generally, there are physical, mental and social causes behind depression. Those who are suffering from long-term physical disorders, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, respiratory problems etc., are prone to depression more. To identify and control these chronic diseases, awareness has to be made.

Emotional stress and personality form are responsible for depression. So, being stress free, to improve the quality of personality, social skills have to be increased since childhood. 

Social discrimination, unrest, deprivation, and poverty create particular pressures. Depression may occur in somebody from these pressures. Necessary steps have to be taken for social protection. If there is a negative effect of the role of the parents in the upbringing of the children, if anybody is subjected to any kind of abuse, he may suffer from depression in future. It is urgent to prevent child oppression and, to become ideal parents.

After any disaster, the affected population falls into great trouble, which may lead them to depression. As soon as after the disaster, depression can be prevented by providing 'primary mental healthcare'.

Apart from focusing on the causes of depression, the misconceptions and misbeliefs about depression have to be minimized. Depression is a medical problem. We have to provide scientific information about its long-term and widespread negative effects.

The sooner depression can be diagnosed, the sooner it will be cured and the harmful effects will be reduced. For the treatment of depression, medicines have to be taken scientifically, and counseling services have to be taken if necessary. Not being confused with any advertisements, medicines for depression have to be taken regularly.

Effective role of health professionals, psychiatrists, policy makers, the media and the conscious society of all levels can contribute significantly to prevention, rapid identification, and remedies of depression. Giving importance to the theme of the World Health Day this year, let's talk about depression.

Prevent Obesity from early Age

How can you prevent obesity?
You can prevent it by
1. Physical activity.
2. Good nutrition.
3. Less screen time and
4. More sleep.

The fact is, one in three American children and adolescents, aged two to nineteen are obese or overweight. According to the American Heart Association, none of the overweight or obese children meets the recommended healthy diet and physical activity. Most of the American children like french fries and fruit juice. And according to the statistics, french fries make up 25% vegetable intake and juice makes up 40% fruit intake in children. The data is staggering, isn't it? Yes, it is. Obesity costs $147 billion in the US annually.

Teach children to choose their healthy foods from their birth to age five because the children who get daily physical activity and eat healthy foods have-

• fewer absences in school.
• higher academic achievement.
• less behavioral problems and 
• higher self-esteem.

You may not know that obesity has more link to chronic conditions than smoking, drinking, or poverty. Your obesity increases the risk of at least 20 or more preventable diseases and conditions. High blood pressure and stroke, sleep apnea, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, osteoarthritis are among the diseases.

Top 10 Causes of Death in Top 25 Most Populous Countries in the World

People die from different reasons such as age, accident, war, disasters etc. But different kinds of diseases cause most of the deaths, especially premature deaths. Some diseases are not curable and some diseases affect a large number of people at a time. For an example, Infectious diseases affect a certain area time to time, create much havoc and economic loss, and cause a huge number of deaths. People live in fear and tension because of the diseases. The tension and fear become global when the population of the country is large.

Here I have made a list of the top 10 causes of deaths of the top 25 most populous countries in the world. I have taken the information from the top related websites. You may find some differences among the lists provided by the different organizations. Actually, it is not possible to present the exact list because the information is updated frequently. So, if you know these information provided in this list, you will get a nice idea, which may be helpful for you. Here the list of the countries have been taken from Wikipedia on September 13, 2017.

1. China (1,386,310,000)

1. Malignant Neoplasms (28%)
2. Heart Disease (21%)
3. Cerebrovascular Disease (11%)
4. Diseases of the Respiratory System (5%)
5. Endocrine, Nutritional & Metabolic Diseases (3.4%)
6. Injury & Poisoning (3%)
7. Diseases of the Digestive System (3%)
8. Diseases of the Nervous System (1%)
9. Diseases of the Genitourinary System (1%)
10. Infectious Diseases (0.9%)

 Source: worldatlas.com

2. India (1,321,140,000)

1. Cardiovascular Diseases (24.8%)
2. Respiratory Diseases (10.2%)
3. Tuberculosis (10.1%)
4. Malignant and Other Tumors (9.4%)
5. Ill-Defined Conditions (5.3%)
6. Digestive Diseases (5.1%)
7. Diarrheal Diseases (5.0%)
8. Unintentional Injuries (4.6%)
9. Intentional Self-Harm (3.0%)
10. Malaria (2.8%)

Source: worldatlas.com

3. United States (325,749,000)

1. Heart disease (23.4%)
2. Cancer (malignant neoplasms) (22.5%)
3. Chronic lower respiratory disease (5.6%)
4. Accidents (unintentional injuries) (5.2%)
5. Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases) (5.1%)
6. Alzheimer's disease (3.6%)
7. Diabetes (2.9%)
8. Influenza and pneumonia (2.1%)
9. Kidney disease (nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis) (1.8%)
10. Suicide (1.6%)

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

4. Indonesia (261,890,900)

1. Stroke (21.2%)
2. Ischemic Heart Disease (8.9%)
3. Diabetes (6.5%)
4. Lower Respiratory Infections (5.2%)
5. Tuberculosis (TB) (4.3%)
6. Cirrhosis (3.2%)
7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (3.1%)
8. Road Injury (2.9%)
9. Hypertensive Heart Disease (2.7%)
10. Kidney Diseases (2.6%)

Source: worldatlas.com

           

5. Pakistan (208,881,000)

1. Ischemic Heart Disease (8%)
2. Cancer (8%)
3. Lower-Respiratory Infections (8%)
4. Stroke (6%)
5. Diarrheal Diseases (6%)
6. Neonatal Encephalopathy (5%)
7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5%)
8. TB (5%)
9. Preterm Birth Complications (4%)
10. Diabetes (3%)

Source: worldatlas.com

           

6. Brazil (207,985,000)

1. Low Back & Neck Pain (6%)
2. Ischemic Heart Disease (6%)
3. Cancer (4%)
4. Diabetes (4%)
5. Lower Respiratory Infections (3%)
6. Diarrheal Disease (2%)
7. Diabetes (2%)
8. Interpersonal Violence (3%)
9. Iron-deficiency anemia (2%)
10. HIV/AIDS (2%)

Source: GBD Compare, 2013, cdc.gov           

7. Nigeria (193,500,543)

1. Malaria (20%)
2. Lower Respiratory Infections (19%)
3. HIV (9%)
4. Diarrheal Diseases (5%)
5. Road Injuries (5%)
6. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (4%)
7. Cancer (3%)
8. Meningitis (3%)
9. Stroke (3%)
10. Tuberculosis (2%)

Source: GBD Compare, 2010, cdc.gov

           

8. Bangladesh (163,123,000)

1. Cancer (13%)
2. Lower Respiratory Infections (7%)
3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (7%)
4. Ischemic Heart Disease (6%)
5. Stroke (5%)
6. Preterm Birth Complications (4%)
7. Tuberculosis (3%)
8. Neonatal Encephalopathy (3%)
9. Diabetes (3%)
10. Cirrhosis (3%)

Source: GBD Compare, 2010, cdc.gov

           

9. Russia (146,787,329)

1. Ischemic heart disease (30%)
2. Cerebrovascular disease (22%)
3. Poisoning (3%)
4. Self-inflicted injuries (3%)
5. Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers (2%)
6. Violence (2%)
7. Road traffic accidents (2%)
8. Stomach cancer (2%)
9. Colon and rectum cancers (2%)
10. Cirrhosis of the liver (2%)

Source: cdc.gov

10. Japan (126,750,000)

• Malignant neoplasm (cancer)
• Cardiac disease
• Pneumonia
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Senility
• Freak accident
• Renal failure
• Suicide
• Aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Source: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan, 2015, nbakki.hatenablog.com

           

11. Mexico (123,364,426)

• Coronary Heart Disease
• Alzheimer’s/Dementia
• Stroke
• Lung Cancers
• Colon-Rectum Cancers
• Lung Disease
• Hypertension
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Influenza and Pneumonia
• Kidney Disease

Source: worldlifeexpectancy.com

12. Philippines (104,587,000)

• Coronary Heart Disease          
• Stroke 
• Influenza and Pneumonia       
• Diabetes Mellitus        
• Tuberculosis   
• Hypertension  
• Lung Disease  
• Kidney Disease           
• Breast Cancer 
• Asthma

Source: worldlifeexpectancy.com

13. Ethiopia (94,351,001)

1. Lower respiratory infections (10%)
2. Diarrheal Diseases (8%)
3. HIV (7%)
4. Tuberculosis (7%)
5. Stroke (7%)
6. Cancer (6%)
7. Ischemic Heart Disease (4%)
8. Preterm Birth Complications (3%)
9. Malaria (2%)
10. Road Injuries (2%)

Source: cdc.gov

14. Vietnam (93,700,000)

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Neoplasms
• Diabetes/Urological/Blood/Endocrine
• Chronic Respiratory Diseases
• Unintentional Injuries
• Diarrheal Diseases
• Neurological Disorders
• HIV/AIDS & TB
• Transport Injuries
• Cirrhosis

Source: cdc.gov

15. Egypt (93,509,900)

1. Ischemic heart disease (21%)
2. Stroke (14%)
3. Cancer (9%)
4. Cirrhosis (9%)
5. Lower Respiratory Infections (4%)
6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (4%)
7. Chronic Kidney Disease (3%)
8. Road Injuries (2%)
9. Hepatitis (2%)
10. Diabetes (1%)

Source: GBD Compare 2010, cdc.gov

16. Germany (82,800,000)

• Coronary Heart Disease
• Alzheimer’s/Dementia
• Stroke
• Lung Cancers
• Colon-Rectum Cancers
• Breast Cancer
• Influenza and Pneumonia
• Other Injuries
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Pancreas Cancer

Source: worldlifeexpectancy.com

17. Democratic Republic of the Congo (81,339,988)

1. Diarrheal Diseases (12%)
2. Lower Respiratory Infections (11%)
3. Malaria (7%)
4. Protein-energy Malnutrition (7%)
5. Preterm Birth Complications (5%)
6. Stroke (4%)
7. Birth Asphyxia & Trauma (4%)
8. TB (4%)
9. Meningitis (3%)
10. HIV/AIDS (3%)

Source: WHO Country Health Profile 2012: DRC, cdc.gov

18. Iran (80,425,000)

• Coronary Heart Disease          
• Stroke 
• Road Traffic Accidents          
• Hypertension  
• Influenza and Pneumonia       
• Diabetes Mellitus        
• Stomach Cancer          
• Endocrine Disorders   
• Lung Disease  
• Breast Cancer

Source: worldlifeexpectancy.com

19. Turkey (79,814,871)

• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Cerebrovascular Disease
• Alzheimer Disease
• COPD
• Lung Cancer
• Diabetes
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Road Injuries
• Hypertensive Heart Disease
• Lower respiratory infections

Source: Top ten causes of deaths in 2016, Wikipedia.

20. Thailand (68,414,000)

1. Cancer (19%)
2. Ischemic Heart Disease (12%)
3. Stroke (10%)
4. Lower Respiratory Infections (9%)
5. HIV (4%)
6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (4%)
7. Diabetes (4%)
8. Road Injuries (4%)
9. Chronic Kidney Disease (2%)
10. Cirrhosis (2%)

Source: GBD Compare, 2010, cdc.gov

21. France (67,080,000)

• Coronary Heart Disease
• Alzheimer’s/Dementia
• Stroke
• Lung Cancers
• Colon-Rectum Cancers
• Breast Cancer
• Influenza and Pneumonia
• Other Injuries
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Pancreas Cancer

Source: worldlifeexpectancy.com

22. United Kingdom (65,648,100)

• Dementia and Alzheimer disease
• Heart disease
• Lung cancer
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases
• Stroke
• Influenza and pneumonia
• Prostate cancer (Breast cancer in women)
• Colorectal cancer
• Leukemia and lymphomas
• Cirrhosis and other liver disease

Source: express.co.uk

23. Italy (60,532,325)

• Ischemic heart disease
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Alzheimer disease
• Lung cancer
• COPD
• Colorectal cancer
• Hypertensive heart disease
• Diabetes
• Lower respiratory infect
• Chronic kidney disease

Source: healthdata.org

24. Tanzania (57,310,000)

1. HIV (17%)
2. Lower Respiratory Infections (11%)
3. Malaria (7%)
4. Diarrheal Diseases (6%)
5. Tuberculosis (5%)
6. Cancer (5%)
7. Ischemic Heart Disease (3%)
8. Stroke (3%)
9. STDs (3%)
10. Sepsis (2%)

Source: GBD Compare, 2013

25. South Africa (56,521,900)

1. HIV/AIDS (33.2%)
2. Stroke (6.5%)
3. Diabetes mellitus (5.7%)
4. Ischemic heart disease (4.8%)
5. Lower respiratory infections (4.2%)   
6. Tuberculosis (3.8%)
7. Hypertensive heart disease (2.7%)      
8. Interpersonal violence (2.4%) 
9. Diarrhea diseases (2.1%)
10. Road injury (2%)

Source: worldatlas.com

Hair Loss Causes? A Global and An Eternal Question

It is an eternal question worldwide, "Why is my hair falling out?" The causes of hair fall are many. Experts are trying to find out the causes relentlessly. The health.com has found some common causes of hair loss in men and women. Let's see the reasons in brief:

1. Physical Stress: A temporary hair loss may occur because of any physical stressful event such as, a surgery, a severe illness, an accident etc. But there is a good news, hair will start to grow as soon as the body starts to recover.

2. Pregnancy: Pregnancy is a stressful state, and stress causes hair loss. But don't worry, your hair will grow back soon after giving birth to a child successfully.

3. Too much vitamin A: The American Academy of Dermatology is saying that medications or supplements that contain much vitamin A may cause hair loss. So stop taking excess vitamin A.

4. Lack of protein: Take protein rich food such as, fish, meat and eggs much otherwise your body may ration protein by stopping your hair growth.

5. Male Pattern Baldness: Male sex hormones and a combo of genes are responsible for it.

6. Heredity: It is the female version of male pattern baldness. If any woman in your family has a history of hair loss, you may be prone to it.

7. Female hormones: Hormonal balance change during pregnancy and at menopause may cause hair loss.

8. Emotional stress: It causes less hair loss than physical stress.

9. Anemia: Iron deficiency causes anemia and anemia causes hair loss.

10. Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid gland cannot pump out sufficient hormones. As a result, Hypothyroidism occurs and hypothyroidism contributes to hair loss.

11. Vitamin B deficiency: Low levels of vitamin B may cause your hair loss.

12. Autoimmune-related hair loss: An overactive immune system causes alopecia areata which causes hair loss.

13. Sudden weight loss: Though weight loss is good for health, sudden weight loss may cause stress that may be a cause of hair loss.

14. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy destroys rapidly dividing cancer cells. It destroys rapidly dividing hair cells also.

15. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): It is another imbalance in female and male sex hormones which causes hair loss.

16. Antidepressants, blood-pressure and other drugs: Blood thinners and the blood-pressure drugs are more common factors for hair loss.

17. Overstaying: Tight braids, high heat, hair weaves, corn rows, hot-oil treatments etc. affect hair root and cause hair loss.

18. Trichotillomania: It is an "impulse control disorder". People affected by this disorder pull their hair out.

19. Aging: Especially women loses their hair when they enter their 50s and 60s.

20. Anabolic steroids: To bulk up muscle, many take anabolic steroids which is a cause of hair loss.

Thousands of questions come to people's mind about hair loss causes. As hair is a part of our beauty, we cannot neglect it anymore. Among the thousands questions, let's find out some questions and their answers:

Hair loss causes in young males:

What causes hair loss in your 20s? Androgenic alopecia is known as Male Pattern Baldness. Though it can affect both men and women, males are affected by it at their teenage or early 20s. Alopecia areata can cause complete baldness although hair returns in 90% cases. Young adults and children are the most sufferers of it.

Hair loss causes in young females:

About 40 percent of hair loss sufferers are women. The most causes of hair loss in young women are:

• Androgenetic alopecia, 
• Fluctuating hormone (Estrogen) levels, 
• Physical and emotional stress, 
• Pregnancy, 
• Eating disorder, and 
• Excessive styling.

Hair loss environmental causes:

Dust and smoke create air pollution. Dust and smoke contain various kinds of chemicals which settle on the scalp and hair. 'Sensitive Scalp Syndrome' is created by these. As a result, hair roots experience itching, oily scalp, dandruff and pain. All these things cause hair loss.

Can head lice make your hair fall out?

There is no scientific evidence that lice is directly responsible for hair loss. But lice cause inching which causes people to pull out their own hair.

Hair loss is a global problem. To get rid of this problem, we have to know the causes of hair loss first. From the above discussion we have known that physical and emotional stress can cause hair fall. Pollution is also responsible. It is true that, we have no hand in the genetic causes of hair fall, but we can change our life-style to be free from avoidable causes.

Autistic Behavior | Autism Causes Symptoms in Children and in Adults

Autism, what is it? The name of a nervous or emotional problem. Is autism a disability or disorders? No, it is neither a disease nor a hereditary or mental disorders. In English, this problem is called neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism is generally identified as the child's psychological complexity. The symptoms of autism start to manifest since childhood, especially when they are three years of age. People with autism are weak in social behavior and less able in mutual communication. Mental constraints and tendency of doing the same tasks repeatedly are seen. A child, affected by this disease, cannot build social relationships with anybody of the same age or another. If they are called by name, they do not respond. Many of them prefer to communicate in nonverbal way. They like to live in themselves. When they cannot do what they want, they are prone to convulsions. They do not look at anyone's eyes. They are reluctant to share their accessories with anybody. They do not smile or laugh looking at anyone and do not respond to caress. Many of them do not like fondness at all. Generally, autistic children say the same thing over and over again. Autism has become so widespread in the world that the United Nations (UN) is celebrating World Autism Awareness Day on April 2 every year.

Autistic:

Autism affected persons are called autistic. Some people call the autistic children as mentally challenged. Some autistic children display very special skills sometimes. Autistic children are very knowledgeable. But like other normal children, their knowledge is not the same in every field. Some of them have great knowledge on mathematics, some on science. Some can draw great pictures and some have great memorizing power. And for this reason, an autistic child may become a great scientist if he gets proper care and attention.

Many experts think that super-scientists Einstein and Newton had autism. Many other famous scientists, poets, writers and president had signs of autism. The reason of mentioning the famous persons is that, maybe the unnatural baby next to you is autistic. Help him to grow up. He may be a famous person one day. Even you may be an autistic, because 2-4 persons are affected by autism in every one thousand people. The number may be more or less in terms of areas.

Who are affected by Autism?

Children are affected by autism since their birth. Autism early signs are revealed after three years. Now question may rise, “Only children are affected by autism? How do the autistic children live when they grow up?” Actually, the symptoms of autism are expressed in childhood. Autism is cured when they grow up. Because of autism, many children cannot adapt to the environment. As a result, many of them face premature death. Many of them grow up but with abnormality. However, autism turns to a devastating form in childhood. Most autistics have convulsions and it is expressed if their normal activity is prevented. Many die due to this convulsions. For this reason, autistic children should be kept away from the water bodies, roofs of the buildings and from the fire. They should have a partner during traveling and crossing the road.

What are the causes of Autism?

Researchers could not find out the exact cause of autism. They think that, there are genetic, biologic and environmental factors behind autism. It is generally accepted that, abnormalities in brain structure or function cause autism. Genes play a major role in the development of autism. Lack of proper care during pregnancy may cause autism also.

Characteristics of Autistics:

An autistic child may be too much capricious, stubborn and offensive. He may have unintended intimidation and convulsions. The behaviors and sensitization of an autistic tend to be much different from others. Responses to sound, light and touch of an autistic is quite different and strange. Physically, people cannot differentiate an autistic child from a common child. Occasionally, autism comes together with numerous physical obstructions. The brain size of an autistic is larger than normal, but its effect is still unclear.

The characteristics of autistics vary from one another. The following are some of the main features:

• Doing the same task repeatedly, doing more if restricted.
• Throwing and breaking the things.
• Being engaged in self-works, no response to anybody's call.
• Without giving response to anybody's call, just mocking up.
• Seeking to stay away or not mixing with everyone.
• Not letting to change own environment, liking to stay in one place.
• Expressing severe reactions unless getting the expected things.
• Incomprehensible movements.
• Doing the work until that is done.

Autism Treatment:

What is the best treatment for autism? The first treatment of an autistic child is to identify his autism. It is not possible to treat autistic children with any type of medicine. Rather, special education arrangements have to be made for him. There is no alternative to this education for his treatment. Through this education, it is possible to make him move freely. So if the children with autism get opportunity of education, they will not be a burden for the society but become wealth. Because they are very talented. To use their talent, special education is needed. For this reason, children with autism are called the children with special needs or intellectual needs. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends the following treatments:

• Behavioral training and management.
• Specialized therapies which include speech, occupational, and physical therapy.
• Using medicines for depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
• Community support and parent training.

Autism patients live with many problems. Many people think that these traits are children's will or mind's imagination. So many people behave badly with these children. We have to remember that, autism is not a disease. A little awareness and love can ensure a pleasant life of an autistic.

Chikungunya Facts | Causes Outbreaks and Sufferings

In recent times, Chikungunya has caught global attention. Many parts of the world have already experienced chikungunya outbreak. The mosquito borne viral disease is not so deadly but causes much sufferings. In this circumstances, let's know the facts of Chikungunya.

Chikungunya means 'to become contorted'. Chikungunya meaning expresses the symptom of the disease. In 1952, southern Tanzania experienced the first chikungunya outbreak. A RNA virus is responsible for this disease. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the two mosquito species who are the main culprits for spreading chikungunya virus. For your kind information, I want to inform you that these species also spread dengue fever.

Chikungunya Symptoms:

What are the most significant Chikungunya symptoms? High fever and joint pain. The other symptoms are:

•  headache,
•  joint swelling,
•  muscle pain,
•  skin rash,
•  nausea and
•  fatigue.

Chikungunya is not a fatal disease in most cases. But the problem is the long-term effects of chikungunya, joint pain. If you are unlucky, you may suffer from it for months.

Chikungunya Diagnosis:

What can you do for Chikungunya diagnosis? Chikungunya Blood test includes serum or plasma. The test detects virus and viral nucleic acid. Most significantly it detects virus-specific immunoglobulin IgM and neutralizing antibodies.

Chikungunya Prevention:

What can you do for chikungunya prevention? Not much. There is no chikungunya vaccine yet which can prevent the virus. So, just prevent mosquito bites. Don't forget that the mosquitos bite at the day time most.

Chikungunya in different parts of the world:

Chikungunya mainly occurs in Asia, Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Europe experienced the first chikungunya in 2007 when a localized outbreak occurred in north-eastern Italy. America reported 37,480 confirmed cases and 693,489 suspected cases in 2015. Among the South American countries, Brazil, Bolivia and Colombia reported the most chikungunya cases.

Is there any chikungunya in Australia? According to the information provided by nt.gov.au, Aedes aegypti is found in Cairns and Townsville, and north Queensland towns. In March 2006 in Tennant Creek, and in May 2008 in Groote Eylandt, the species was established but eradicated very quickly. The mosquitoes were found in Tennant Creek again in 2011 and an elimination program is underway there.

Bangladesh was free from chikungunya. But in 2017, chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh occurs in the capital. According to outbreaknewstoday.com, nearly 3,000 people were affected by chikungunya in Dhaka by July 14, 2017.

What is the condition of chikungunya in Brazil? According to brazilgovnews.gov.br, Brazil recorded 10,294 cases of chikungunya by 18 February 2017, which was 43,567 in 2016.

Is there any chikungunya in Costa Rica? The Pan American Health Organization confirmed nearly 60,000 chikungunya cases in the Caribbean islands in the first half of 2014, which was showed up in Costa Rica later in the year. Chikungunya was strongly established there in 2015 and it is getting highest priority for health officials. 

Chikungunya Outbreaks:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chikungunya caused outbreak in many countries in recent years. The recent chikungunya outbreaks were:

• In 2017: France.
• In 2016: Kenya, United States of America and Argentina.
• In 2015: Spain, Senegal.
• In 2014: France.
• In 2013: French part of the Caribbean isle of Saint Martin.
• In 2006: India, South West Indian Ocean, La Reunion Island (France).

Chikungunya and Zika:

What are the similarities and differences between chikungunya and zika?

• In both cases, female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmit the viruses. 
• No vaccines, no medications for both. 
• Supportive care of the symptoms is the only treatment. 
• The symptoms of Zika is mild, on the other hand, joint pain caused by Chikungunya lasts for a long time. 
• But the most serious impact of Zika is microcephaly of newborn babies, which is caused by zika infected pregnant mothers. 
• You may carry the viruses but you may not know that. That means, the viruses can stay in your body without showing any symptoms. 
• You can control chikungunya and zika by controlling vector mosquitos.

Chikungunya treatment:

Is there any chikungunya treatment home remedies? Actually, there is no preventive vaccine or medicine to treat chikungunya. The cdc.gov has given you some advice to treat the symptoms.

• Take rest a lot and drink much fluids. 
• To reduce fever and pain, you can take acetaminophen or paracetamol but you cannot take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 
• As infected mosquitos spread the virus, prevent mosquito bites.

Chikungunya rash:

What are the chikungunya skin rash treatment or home remedies for chikungunya rashes? The thehindu.com gave dermatologist Rohit Barta's tips. According to the suggestions,

•  don't go out in the sun (if needed, use a good quantity of sunscreen),
•  don't eat citrus fruits and foods, and
•  take anti-allergic medicines.

We are going to conclude our discussion today. Chikungunya is an infectious disease. And, it affects many people within a very short period of time. Although the death rate of chikungunya is very low, we have to be aware much. Controlling the vector mosquitos and being abstain from mosquito bites are imperative. Only our awareness can prevent the disease to a great extent.