Two types of diabetes are actually five types: the results of new research

Scientists said that diabetes is five different types of diseases and each may be treated differently.

Diabetes is basically a disease identified as 'unregulated blood sugar' and is usually divided into two parts - type 1 and type 2.

However, researchers from Sweden and Finland think that they have found a more complex image related to diabetes, and this may result in the treatment of individual people for the treatment of this disease.

Experts say, this study may introduce a new era in the future of diabetes treatment, but it may take more time to change the course of ongoing treatment.

One in every 11 people in the world is suffering from diabetes - and once affected, the risk of heart attack, stroke or brain bleeding, blindness, kidney failure, and limbs cut-off may increase.

Type 1 diabetes is a disease related to human immunity. It attacks beta cells or the body's ability to build insulin, so there is not enough production of this hormone necessary to control blood sugar or sugar levels.

On the other hand, type 2 is considered as a disease related to uncontrolled lifestyle, where excess fat in the body inhibits insulin activity.

The latest study on diabetes was conducted by Sweden’s Lund University Diabetes Center and Finland's Institute for Molecular Medicine. In this study, 14,775 patients were monitored, their detailed analysis of blood was done.

Research results were published in Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. It has been shown that diabetes patients can be divided into five specific clusters.

Cluster 1 - It is a type-1 autoimmune diabetes, which affects people only when they are young and they feel healthy to see. Insulin is not produced in the body of these diabetes patients.

Cluster 2 - They are the patients of insulin-deficient diabetes who initially feel like cluster 1 patients. They are young, their weight is controlled, but are struggling to produce insulin - although there is no defect in their immune system.

Cluster 3 - They are severe insulin-resistant diabetes patients, who are usually extra fat. They produce insulin in the body, but their body does not respond to the insulin.

Cluster 4 - It is related to weight-related light-type diabetes, which can be found in obese people. Such people are closer to normal people than cluster 3 types people in metabolism.

Cluster 5 - age-related light-type diabetes, which affects older people. That means these patients are older than other groups, but their diabetes levels are lower.

One of the researchers, Prof Leif Group told the BBC, "It is very important, we are stepping forward to give patients the most appropriate medicines."

He said that three types of diabetes are severe, it can be treated more strongly than other two types of diabetes. Cluster-2 patients can now be identified as type 2 because they do not have autoimmune diseases.

In the study, however, it is found that the reason for their disease is probably a fault in their beta-cell – not because they are too fat. And they should be treated like patients who are now identified as type 1.

Cluster 2 patients have the highest risk of blindness, and cluster 3 patients are more prone to the risk of kidney related diseases - as a result, more testing may benefit patients of several clusters.

The better classification

The Imperial College's Consultant and Clinical Scientist Victoria Salem said that most experts knew that diabetes is classified as "type 1" and "type 2" in this two divisions "it is not very correct".

He told the BBC, "There is no doubt that this research will help how we think about diabetes in future." But he also cautioned that there would be no change in today's treatment of diabetes.

This research has been done in Scandinavia. On the other hand, the risk of diabetes is different in different countries of the world. In South Asia, the risk of the disease is relatively high.

Dr. Salem said, "There are still many things unknown, maybe there are 500 types of sub-groups of diabetes around the world due to genes and local environments." "The researchers have found five clusters in the analysis, but this number may increase," said the scientist.

Dr. Emily Burns of Diabetes UK said “if you understand the disease properly, it can help in treating the patients separately and reduce the risk of future diabetes complications".

Source of Info: bbc.com/bengali

Love Your Heart | Prevent Heart Disease

World Heart Day is observed on 29 September globally every year. This year the theme of the day is 'Share the Power'. In 2016, the theme was 'Power Your Life'. Know the risks of heart disease, love the heart and be aware of your health risk.

Medical science has experienced an unprecedented development due to the wonderful development of science. Today cholera, pox, tuberculosis, measles, and various infectious diseases are easily curable and preventable. Along with the development of medical science, safe water, food supply, treatment system, effective vaccination program, overall awareness of human health have increased. As a result, infectious diseases have decreased, and life expectancy has increased. For this reason, old age diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc. are rising and becoming bigger killers. 

At present, heart disease and stroke have appeared as the biggest killer diseases all over the world. Among the non-communicable diseases, 12.5 percent people die from heart disease, of which 82% people are from the low and middle-income group. Because the treatment of these diseases is long-term and costly. It is not often possible for the general or middle-class patients to spend this expenditure.

The most important part of the human body is the heart. The risk of heart disease depends on your lifestyle. Due to excessive smoking, spending time by sitting and sleeping, exercise-less life, and fat rich food intake, the arteries become thin by accumulating fat. A complex heart attack may occur if the blood vessels of the heart are partially or completely blocked.

Among the diseases of the heart and blood, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, pericarditis or inflammation of the heart, aortic dissection, etc. are notable. There are chances of heart disease due to various reasons, which are called risk factors or risks. Some of them are easily preventable and some are uncontrollable.

Uncontrollable Risk Factors are age, gender, and hereditary factors. Controllable Risk Factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol in the blood, diabetes, excessive weight, lack of physical activities, high-fat diet and low fiber diet, stress, alcoholism, birth control pills etc.

How do you identify the heart attack?

1. Occasionally a little pain or pressure in the chest. Especially feeling pain or pressure during working or walking, walking up and down the stairs, and even at the time of eating. Pain decreases when you take rest.

2. A sudden pain is felt in the chest, which also spreads to the left hand, and even to the neck or jaw. A sudden cough or severe ache, discomfort, weakness or tiredness.

3. Nausea with chest pain, even vomiting, excessive sweating in the body, sudden headache, even unconsciousness, palpitation, and increased chest rhythm.

4. In addition to any pain, a sudden shortness of breath, and it increases while laying on the bed.

5. Diabetes patients may not feel severe pain in the chest. However, excessive sweating, dizziness, and anxiety are the pre-symptoms of these patients.

6. A sudden abdominal pain or gas, vomiting, indigestion may appear. Many people ignore it considering it as common gastric.

What to do in case of a heart attack?

1. If any of the above symptoms are felt, you should immediately seek medical help, especially those who are already suffering from any cardiovascular disease. Even the patients who are suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes and excessive cholesterol in the blood should not neglect the symptoms.

2. If there is severe pain in the chest, call an ambulance from a nearby hospital or clinic.

3. If you are alone, call the neighbors for help. Request them to take you to the nearby hospital. It is better not to drive yourself.

How to prevent heart disease?

The treatment of heart disease is often expensive. If you are affected once, you have to live with it forever in your life. So it is better to prevent this disease. It is possible to get rid of heart disease in many cases if proper measures are taken to prevent the controllable risk factors.

1. Say no to smoking: Smoking must be given up. Even stay away from smokers. Avoid all kinds of tobacco.

2. Control weight: Control diet and do regular exercise. Losing weight by taking medicines is dangerous. It is better not to take weight loss medicines without the advice of a doctor.

3. Consume moderate diet: Foods with low fat and low cholesterol should be taken. Foods such as beef, liver, brain, eggs should be taken less. It is good to have high-fiber foods.

4. Eat less salt.

5. Avoid alcohol.

6. If you have diabetes, control it.

7. Control high blood pressure: Go to a doctor and check your blood pressure regularly. As soon as high blood pressure is detected, it can be controlled as early as possible and can be prevented by complex diseases or reactions.

8. Do regular exercise: Walk in the morning, run if possible, do light exercise, use stairs leaving lifts. Physical labor and regular exercise should be done.

9. Avoid emotional and physical stress: Take rest, sleep on time, keep your body free from excess fatigue.

10. Learn and be aware: Education and awareness are very important. To prevent these diseases, public awareness is very essential. In these cases, different electronic media, newspapers can play a vital role.

Everybody has to be more careful to prevent rather than to cure heart disease in personal, familial, social, and state level. However, it is possible to avoid heart disease and its risky premature death only if everyone takes the necessary steps to know the risks of heart disease from their own position. It is important to remember that not only yourself but also the other members of the family should be motivated in this regard.

Source of Information: ittefaq.com.bd

The Risk Factors of Heart Disease and Heart Attack You Should Know

A recent study conducted by a team of international researchers from Oxford University, University College London (UCL) and the University of Lausanne, Switzerland have found a relationship between more staying in education and lower risk of heart disease. Medical journal BMJ, United Kingdom published the study with strong evidences.

The study is not my topic of discussion here. Let us know the risk factors of coronary heart disease which leads to heart attack.

According to American Heart Association, there are three types of risk factors of coronary heart disease. The factors are-

• Major risk factors
• Modifiable risk factors and
• Contributing risk factors

Yes, Major risk factors are not changeable. For example-

• Increasing age
• Male gender and
• Heredity (with Race)

If you are older than 65 years, you have more risk of coronary heart disease. And the risk of heart attack is more if you are a woman. But actually the risk of heart disease and heart attack is more in male gender overall. The third unchangeable factor is family history including race. Studies have found more coronary heart disease and heart attack in some races.

The Major changeable risk factors are:

• Tobacco smoke 
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Physical inactivity
• Obesity and overweight
• Diabetes mellitus

The smoke of cigarette increases the risk of heart disease for not only the smokers but also the nonsmokers. If you have coronary heart disease, you have more risk of sudden cardiac death if you smoke cigarette.

The amount of High-Density-Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density-Lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglycerides determine the level of cholesterol in the blood. High HDL and low LDL is good. The levels of normal triglycerides vary from age and sex. High triglycerides combined with low HDL and high LDL increases the risk of heart attack as well as stroke.

High blood pressure is responsible for heart attack and congestive heart failure. Physical inactivity is responsible for coronary heart disease. If you are overweight, you have more risk of heart disease and stroke even if you do not have other risk factors.

Diabetes is responsible for developing cardiovascular disease. Sixty eight percent of people under the age of 65 who have diabetes die of some form of heart disease.

The other contributing risk factors of heart disease are:

• Stress
• Alcohol and 
• Diet and Nutrition 

Coronary heart disease is related to stress. Some scientists have noted it. On the other hand, cardiomyopathy is related to drinking too much alcohol. But, if you want to fight against cardiovascular diseases, you have to take healthy foods.

If you are interested to know details about the risk factors of heart disease, you can visit heart.org. They have explained everything so nicely.

Do you know about Diabetic Neuropathy or Nerve Numbness?

Diabetes has become an epidemic today. The efficiency of nerves at the end of hands and feet of diabetic patients is decreased gradually. It happens mostly to them who have been suffering from uncontrolled diabetes for a long time. As a result, the infected person’s hands and feet begin to wane. It causes serious damage to the patient. In some patients, the feelings of the feet decreases so much that blood comes out because of a cut but they cannot say it.

The symptoms of nerve numbness in patients with diabetes include-

• Feeling pins and needles in hands and legs.
• Losing the strength of hands and feet.
• Hands and feet muscles dry.
• Feeling like burning on the palm of the hands and feet.

At first of the treatment, diabetes has to be controlled. Secondly, the efficiency of hands and feet muscles has to be kept fit through physiotherapy. Patients have to take physical exercise regularly. The benefits of exercise are given below:

• Exercise consumes power of the body. As a result, body weight is controlled by losing fat.
• The production of insulin from beta cells in pancreas is increased through exercise.
• Exercise increases the performance of insulin. As a result, the small amount of insulin produced in the body can control the levels of glucose of blood. Additional medicine might not be needed.
• Blood circulation in the body increases through exercise.
• The complications of diabetes are reduced.
• Exercise increases the amount of good cholesterol (HDL) and decreases bad cholesterol (LDL) in blood.
• Exercise reduces high blood pressure.
• By alleviating tension, exercise keeps the mind fresh and cheerful.
• Exercise ensures better sleep.
• Exercise makes bones and heart strong. It keeps the bone joints active.
• One of the major causes of breaking bone in old age is osteoporosis of bone loss. Especially, hip fracture is found in women. Exercise reduces osteoporosis.

Exercise enhances immunity of the body.

The Final Puzzle of Type 1 Diabetes Solved

Finally scientists have revealed a complete picture of the areas where the immune system attacks to create type 1 diabetes.

The journal Diabetes published the study. The study discovered the fifth and final critical target where the immune system takes aim.

To prevent and treat the disease the findings could help develop new ways. The team at the University of Lincoln said it.

According to Diabetes UK, the study results were “impressive”.

In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells which make insulin are destroyed by the immune system. Insulin is the hormone which is needed to keep blood sugar levels under control.

Studies were conducted looking at the unique antibodies which is made by patients with type 1 diabetes. The studies showed that the immune system attacked five key targets.

But to understand the targets was like identifying someone from their silhouette.

Some of the targets were discovered by studies long ago. However, the final target has proved elusive for two decades.

Dr. Michael Christie who led the research at the University of Lincoln, told the BBC that with the new discovery, they had finished identifying what the immune system was targeting. Now they have the complete picture.

The final piece of puzzle is tetraspanin-7. The other targets are: Insulin, Glutamate decarboxylase, IA-2 and Zinc transporter-8.

In secreting or storing the hormone insulin the more technically named ones are largely involved.

King’s College London has already used the knowledge of some of these targets. They are aiming to stall the progression of type-1 diabetes.

But according to Dr. Christie, having the complete picture could help transform care for type 1 patients.

He said that once the immune system decided it wanted to get rid of something it was very hard to stop. He also said that diabetes had proved to be a difficult disease to prevent.

So they are hoping that by identifying the major targets in diabetes-1, they will be able to find ways to prevent it by blocking the immune response to the five proteins without leaving that person vulnerable to infections.

Dr. Christie added that with recent improvements in their understanding of the disease he was very hopeful. They will develop a treatment now. He has a lot more confidence than five years ago.

Dr. Emily Burns from the charity Diabetes UK, said that in order to prevent type 1 diabetes, they needed to understand it fully how the immune responded that damages insulin-producing cells developed in the first place. Dr. Christie’s impressive research was helping them to do that.

Men Have More Heart Disease and Diabetes Risk

Men have some more potential risks of suffering from some diseases than women. And among the diseases, dangerous heart disease and diabetes are common. NDTV reported this. A study has confirmed this recently. Researchers have informed, along with diabetes and heart disease, men have more death risk in taking excessive medicine and alcohol. And for this reason, men have higher death rate than women. 

The lead author of the study Mikel Eisenberg, a researcher from Stanford University School of Medicine said, ‘Adult men do not go to doctor unless they face serious health problem. Rather they buy and take medicine according to their own choice.’

Eisenberg also said, ‘Most of the time, these kinds of people are to visit doctors during child birth process. And this is a chance of engaging them to healthcare system.’

The researchers conducted studies from 2001 to 2009 on 115,000 men who had problems in giving birth to children. In the study, their health was compared with common men. From the study it was known, the men under study had heart disease and diabetes risks along with negligence in treatment, obesity, smoking and health problems. Eisenberg said that these kinds of men were over 30 years of age. The Fertility and Sterility Journal published the study results.

Diabetes and heart disease that cause long time sufferings and death risks in adult men and women are common in the world. The number of diabetes patients are increasing alarmingly all around the world. The scenery is the same for heart disease. Diabetes does harm to almost all systems (organs) of the body. In chronic diabetes, our eyes, kidneys, heart, nervous system, skin, joints, reproductive system and almost all other organs will lose their effectiveness. Among these, heart disease is dangerous and widespread. Diabetes patients become victim to heart disease more and severely.

Those who have type-2 diabetes have potential risk of suffering high blood pressure. Along with that, unnatural condition of blood lipid and physical obesity increase 2 to 4 times. Above all, the possibility of heart disease increases several folds. All the diseases are bound in one cycle. This is called metabolic syndrome.

Is Your Child Suffering From Diabetes?

Diabetes cannot be diagnosed in children and adults primarily in most cases. Type-1 diabetes is detected when the complexity of health turns into a severe condition. At present, the number of diabetes affected children is increasing substantially. Here some symptoms of type-1 diabetes are given below:

Tiredness: 
The pancreas of the type-1 diabetes affected patient cannot produce sufficient insulin. As a result, energy producing glucose or carbohydrate cannot reach the cells of the body. For this reason, type-1 diabetes patients always feel tiredness.

Feeling Thirsty: 
Frequent thirstiness is one of the main symptoms of type-1 diabetes. Feeling thirsty frequently at night is considered as a symptom of diabetes.

Toilet: 
The main symptom of having been affected by diabetes is frequent urinating. Children affected by this disease are seen to urinate in bed. There is no scope that urinating frequently at night is a common problem. If anybody suffer from this problem, he has to take doctor’s advice as quickly as possible.

Being sick or tired: 
Because of type-1 diabetes, the activities of insulin in the body is hampered. As glucose is not used properly, cellular and physical growth is hampered. Consequently, the affected person becomes sick and weak day by day.

If you find any symptom stated above, take the advice of the doctors immediately. If you find symptoms in your children, test diabetes according to the doctor’s advice not wasting any time. The serious physical problem ‘ketoacidosis’ could be prevented by timely treatment of type-1 diabetes. Provide mental support to type-1 diabetes affected children so that they do not suffer from depression.

Diabetes: 
Diabetes is a metabolic disease. Want of insulin hormone in our body creates disturbance in metabolism. As a result, the amount of glucose in blood is increased and comes out with urine. This incident is known as diabetes. Diabetes is not a contagious or infectious disease. Type-1 and type-2 are two different types of diabetes.

Type-1 Diabetes: 
Insulin is not produced in the body of type-1 diabetes patients. Generally, this kind of diabetes is seen before 30 years of age (average age 10-20 years). To stay healthy, this patients need to take insulin. These patients are generally thin.

Type-2 Diabetes: 
These patients are generally above 30 years of age. But the number of patients below 30 is increasing day by day. Insulin is produced in the body of these patients but it is not sufficient or insulin does not work properly. Sometimes, these two causes might be seen simultaneously. These kinds of patients are not insulin dependent. In many cases, they can be treated with changing diet and regular exercise. These patients are especially fat

Is Your Heart Fit?

Heart, the pump machine is the most important part of our body. Our wellness depends on the wellness of our heart. Any complication in heart can pose the highest threat death to our life. Nowadays, it is seen that heart problems are increasing rapidly. Modern lifestyle and food are causing heart diseases. So for a healthy life, we have to know how to keep our heart fit. World media can help us a lot in this regard. Most of the leading health related and news sites publish articles, news and tips about this matter. For this reason, we want to visit the sites to know the information about heart and heart related diseases...

Heart Attack in Women:

According to the American Heart Association, the causes of Heart Attacks and symptoms are not the same in men and women. Heart failure and death rates are higher in women. Shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, back or neck pain are some of unusual symptoms women show during a heart attack. The study shows that white women have lower incidence of heart attacks than black women. Fox News Health reported it on Jan 26, 2016.

Heart Diseases in Women:

There is a myth that heart diseases are related to men. It is absolutely incorrect. The correct information is, more women die in heart disease than men every year. In the US, 1 in 3 women are affected by heart disease. More than 44 million American women are living with it. But people are not conscious of this reality. Realizing this, American Heart Association asks everyone to observe 5th of February as 'Red Day' to raise awareness for Heart disease in women. So, women have to be very conscious of their heart. They have to control high blood pressure and diabetes. On the other hand, they have to check their health regularly. Foxnews health reported it on Feb 05, 2016.

Signs Before Heart Attack:

A sudden heart attack kills many all around the world. In the US, at least 1000 people experience sudden cardiac attack every year. Recently researchers are saying that heart attack is not a case which occur suddenly. Symptoms are shown one week ago before an attack. One of the symptoms may be shortness of breath. Foxnews health reported it on Feb 03, 2016.

In the end we can say that fitness of heart means fitness of the body. So, everybody should know how to keep the heart fit. We must take help of the world media in this regard.

Chronic Diseases in World Media

What is a Chronic Disease? A disease that lasts for more than three months. The most common chronic diseases are arthritis, asthma, cancer, diabetes etc. Anybody can experience these diseases in their lifetime. So, everybody should know about these painful diseases.

Chronic diseases ruin our life slowly. People of any ages can be affected by many kinds of chronic diseases. The treatment methods take a long time to cure or partially cure the diseases. Sometimes the diseases are not completely curable. In these cases, the diseases are kept under control. So, all kinds of media discuss about the latest condition of chronic diseases around the world. For the wellness of the people of the world we have to know details about the chronic diseases. For latest information of chronic diseases we want to visit the world media here...

First Pancreas Transplant :

A bold step and a new hope; A hope for diabetes patient. Yes, it is the news of first "pancreas transplant" in the world. Ms Sue York, a type-1 diabetes patient told the BBC that the operation had altered her life. Doctors said that Sue's life expectancy had been doubled. According to Ms Sue, after the operation her eyesight has improved and she is feeling incredible and full of energy. Like thousands of diabetes patients, Ms Sue had needle phobia which led her to take the hard decision. BBC Health reported it on Jan 28, 2016.

Artificial Pancreas for Diabetes Patient:

A small study has found that an experimental artificial 'pancreas' which is used with a smartphone to monitor blood sugar and automatic insulin delivery works better for teens with type 1 diabetes. Testing sugar in blood is essential for type 1 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes test their blood and take insulin according to the test. So, automatic blood sugar testing device is very important for them. In this case, an artificial pancreas may be helpful. But further study is needed for a long time to use artificial pancreas in patients worldwide. According to a foxnews health report on Feb 04, 2016.

Tendon Pain Risk For Type 2 Diabetes Patients:

Although exercise is important for diabetes patients, exercise may create tendon pain. The pain called Tendinopathy is 3.67 percent higher in type 2 diabetes patients than people without diabetes. A study has found it recently. If a diabetes patient feel tendinopathy, he should consult with his doctor immediately. One should not stop doing exercises because exercise is imperative for diabetes patients. But patients should abstain from over exercise. Foxnews health reported it on Jan 29, 2016.

We will continue our discussion about chronic diseases in future in accordance with the world media. As chronic diseases last for a long time, patients cannot neglect it ever in their life. It is our good luck that we get the related information easily now. So, we have to take the opportunity to keep these diseases under control